As a legacy of the communist period, the state is expected and indeed is performing as the main sponsor of cultural institutions. That applies also to those connected to local governments, including the vast network of local cultural centres (művelődési házak). With the regime change opportunities for private investments and initiatives opened up and they led to fundamental overhaul in the cultural industries, such us publishing, design, art galleries etc. – festivals can be added to this list.
Decisive is the role of independent art groups, which in drama and dance have challenged the primacy of large public ensembles already since the late communist era. In the popular music scene, spontaneous bottom-up emergence and independent operation are the rule.
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