Data on cultural institutions have been taken from the Cultural Statistics Yearbook published by the Ministry of Culture. Although it was not always possible to distinguish between public and private ownership, as shown in Table 1, the general trend in recent years has been an increase in cultural institutions. The most significant growth occurred in concert venues, which increased by 150.5% between 2019 and 2024 (from 541 to 1 355). This was followed by film festivals and dance festivals, which grew by 66.7% (from 36 to 60) and 60.8% (from 390 to 627), respectively, over the same period. Growth was also observed in music schools, academies and universities, which increased by 36.2% (from 1 446 to 1 996).
At the lower extreme, libraries experienced a decrease of 14% between 2019 and 2024.
Table 1: Cultural institutions financed by public authorities, by domain, 2019-2024
|
Domain |
Arts and heritage institutions (subdomains) |
Number (year) |
Trend last 5 years (%) |
|
Cultural heritage |
Cultural heritage sites (recognized) |
17 199 (2019) 18 537 (2024) |
7.8% |
|
|
Museums (organisations) |
1 461 (2018) 1 506 (2024) |
3.1% |
|
|
Archives (of public authorities) |
35 (2019) 37 (2024) |
5.7% |
|
Visual arts |
Public art galleries / exhibition halls |
na |
na |
|
|
Art academies (or universities) |
na |
na |
|
Performing arts |
Symphonic orchestras, choirs, bands, etc. |
4 663 (2019) 5 286 (2024) |
13.4% |
|
|
Music festivals and other activities |
1 567 (2019) 1 508 (2024) |
-3.8% |
|
|
Music schools, academies and universities |
1 466 (2019) 1 996 (2024) |
36.2% |
|
|
Concert houses |
541 (2019) 1355 (2024) |
150.5% |
|
|
Stable theatre spaces |
1709 (2019) 1786 (2024) |
4.5% |
|
|
Theatre companies |
4252 (2019) 4721 (2024) |
11% |
|
|
Theatre festivals |
776 (2019) 916 (2024) |
18% |
|
|
Dance and ballet companies |
917 (2019) 1170 (2024) |
27.6% |
|
|
Dance festivals |
390 (2019) 627 (2024) |
60.8% |
|
|
Dance academies |
791 (2019) 1071 (2024) |
35.4% |
|
Books and Libraries |
Libraries |
6458 (2018) 5552 (2024) |
-14% |
|
|
Publishers |
3170 (2019) 3158 (2024) |
-0.4% |
|
Audiovisual |
Broadcasting organisations |
na |
Na |
|
|
Cinemas |
4459 (2019) 4300 (2024) |
-3.6% |
|
|
Film production companies |
381 (2019) 561 (2024) |
47.2% |
|
|
Film distribution companies |
293 (2019) 317 (2024) |
8.2% |
|
|
Film festivals |
36 (2019) 60 (2024) |
66.7% |
|
Interdisciplinary |
Socio-cultural centres / cultural houses |
na |
Na |
|
Other (please explain) |
Bullfighting festivals |
1425 (2019) 1457 (2024) |
2.2% |
Source: Ministry of Culture (several years) Cultural Statistics Yearbook.
Note: na means data not available.
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